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Plant stem cell
Plant stem cells are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plant.〔Detlef Weigel and Gerd Jürgens. "Stem cells that make stems." Nature. 415.6873 (2002): 751-754.〕 Plant stem cells serve as the origin of plant vitality, as they maintain themselves while providing a steady supply of precursor cells to form differentiated tissues and organs in plants.〔Robert Sablowski. "Plant and animal stem cells: conceptually similar, molecularly distinct?" TRENDS in Cell Biology. 14.11 (2004): 605-611.〕 Two distinct areas of stem cells are recognised: the apical meristem and the lateral meristem.
==Characteristics==
Plant stem cells are characterized by two distinctive properties, which are: the ability to create all differentiated cell types and the ability to self-renew such that the number of stem cells is maintained.〔Ben Scheres. "Cells: A Plant Biology Perspective." Cell. 122 (2005): 499-504.〕 Plant stem cells never undergo aging process but immortally give rise to new specialized and unspecialized cells, and they have the potential to grow into any organ, tissue, or cell in the body.〔 Thus they are totipotent cells equipped with regenerative powers that facilitate plant growth and production of new organs throughout lifetime.〔
Unlike animals, plants are immobile. As plants cannot escape from danger by taking motion, they need a special mechanism to withstand various and sometimes unforeseen environmental stress. Here, what empowers them to withstand harsh external influence and preserve life is stem cell. In fact, plants comprise the oldest and the largest living organisms on earth, including Bristlecone Pines in California, U.S. (4,842 years old), and the Giant Sequoia in mountainous regions of California, U.S. (87 meters in height and 2,000 tons in weight).〔Gymnosperm Database (15 March 2007). "Pinus longaeva." http://www.conifers.org/pi/pin/longaeva.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-25.〕 This is possible because they have a modular body plan that enables them to survive substantial damage by initiating continuous and repetitive formation of new structures and organs such as leaves and flowers.〔
Plant stem cells are also characterized by their location in specialized structures called meristematic tissues, which are located in root apical meristem (RAM), shoot apical meristem (SAM), and vascular system ((pro)cambium or vascular meristem.)〔Yuki Hirakawa, Hidefumi Shinohara, Yukki Kondo, Asuka Inoue, Ikuko Nakanomyo, Mari Ogawa, Shinichiro Sawa, Kyoko Ohashi-Ito, Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi, and Hiroo Fukuda. "Non-cell-autonomous control of vascular stem cell fate by a CLE peptide/receptor system." PNAS. 105.39 (2008): 15208-15213.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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